Has anyone attempted to measure a possible battery drain when security system and nearly all other electrical devises are not running, maybe an exception for the clock and computer chip??? What was the drain, if any? I am considering making such a measurement on my 05 bird.
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Re: Battery Drain???
I don't think anyone has done that over the years. It can't be much. I still have my original battery in my Bird and it just turned 6 yrs old in Jan. I know one day I'll go into the garage and it will be dead so I'm ready to get a new one whenever that happens.They are Here. Scotty, beam me up!IT'S 5 O'CLOCK SOMEWHEREVisit the TBN Store
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Re: Battery Drain???
Same here Gobird, ours will be 7 years old in June. We took delivery in October, but car was built in June 01. I figure one day I'll come out and it will be dead. If its still ticking by the time Desert Thunder II rolls around I will just go ahead and replace it.Last edited by yelobird2002; Mar 31, 2008, 07:49 PM.02 Bird yelo/yelo full accent
20 Ford Escape SE
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Re: Battery Drain???
Gobird's & Yelowbird2002's Motorcraft battery longivity would make a good commercial for Motorcraft. Excellent life for a battery and they are still going.Lonestar
It was a smile in every mile
Gotta love that American Ride
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Re: Battery Drain???
Originally posted by blkbrd View PostHas anyone attempted to measure a possible battery drain when security system and nearly all other electrical devises are not running, maybe an exception for the clock and computer chip??? What was the drain, if any? I am considering making such a measurement on my 05 bird.
hope this helps
Harry
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Re: Battery Drain???
Originally posted by blkbrd View PostHarry, I hope you meant to say that "after then the draw is .65 amp." If so, then the Bird seems to be doing what it was designed to do. Thanks, Ira
Ira--
Before the relays turn off the draw is .65 amp or 650 miliamps--after they turn off, the draw is reduced to 130 miliamps
Harry
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Re: Battery Drain???
I put my '04 in storage from November to April, 5 full months. I put a trickle charger on it in January and it had lost some charge as the charger kicked in for a few days, but the trunk popped with no problem. I was afraid of an overcharge so I disconnected it in February and reconnected it near the end of March about a week before I took it out April 1st. When I turned the key it started right up without hesitation and everything worked, window drop, tranny shifts, and radio stations which I would have lost if I removed the battery. (I bought a self monitoring charger for next year) From my experience you can store them for at least two months without incident.
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Re: Battery Drain???
Originally posted by blkbrd View PostI do believe this must be the problem with the batteries going down when not driven too much. 130 milamps seems like a lot to me. The Battery Minder, Tender, Maintainer appears to be the fix. Thanks, Ira
Also, if you drive it infrequently, I suggest that when you start it that you drive it or run it for 45 -50 minutes under good charging conditions i.e. a nice highway run with minimal heavy electrical loads -this is to make sure you recharge what it took out to start-up plus what you lost just sitting.
Harry
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Re: Battery Drain???
Harry, This info is exactly what I was looking for. The Birds that I have in mind sit for two to three months and then driven for short distances -- not enough to adequately charge the battery. I have purchased a BatteryMinder Plus (12V, 1.33a) and intend to hook it up every two or three weeks and leave it hooked up for about a week when the bird is not being driven much. By the way, I ordered the BatteryMinder Plus over the internet from Pacific Battery Systems. When I received it, I found it to be a top notch quality piece of equipment. Thanks, Ira
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Re: Battery Drain???
Originally posted by blkbrd View PostDoes anyone know where I can get access to ford tech service bullitin 05-22-9?
BATTERY DRAIN DIAGNOSIS—SERVICE TIPS TSB 05-22-9
FORD: LINCOLN:
2002-2005 Thunderbird 2000-2006 LS
This article supersedes TSB
02-9-5 to update the When the ignition key is first shut off and removed,
vehicle model years. the vehicle is exited and the doors are closed, the
electrical system goes into “stand-by” mode, where
ISSUE
the REM and the FEM keep the System Switched
Some vehicles may exhibit excessive electrical Power (SSP) relays activated. After a minimum of
system current draw which could result in a 45 minutes, the REM and FEM will power down to
discharged battery and a no crank condition. prevent battery discharge. Power down mode
occurs when the REM and FEM “time out” and
ACTION
release the ground on all four (4) of the SSP
Use the following Service Information to monitor the relays. The SSP relays are wired in a fashion in
vehicle electrical system for excessive battery which they are either all on or all off. In other
current drain and repair as needed. words, the SSP relays cannot be operated
independent of each other. If power down does not SERVICE INFORMATION
occur, because of a system fault or errant SCP Link
activity, the REM and FEM will remain energized Having a firm grasp on the design and normal
along with the SSP relays and the other electrical operation of the electrical system will aid in properly
devices that they provide power. The REM and diagnosing and repairing any faults with electrical
FEM provide power and ground to devices such as components and/or circuitry.
exterior/interior lighting and many of the body
When the vehicle is at rest (ignition key turned off modules in the vehicle. The Wiring Diagrams
and removed), some amounts of battery current Manual may be referenced for additional information
drain will be present since many of the modules on the SSP relays, the REM and FEM, in Sections
and electronic components in the vehicle require 13 and 59.
this to sustain memory and system monitoring. The
Once the REM and FEM enter power down mode Powertrain Control Module (PCM), Anti-lock Brake
they will not energize the SSP relays until they are Module (ABS), Electronic Automatic Temperature
commanded to “wake up” by one (1) or more of the Control Module (EATC), Front Electronics Module
following commands: (FEM), Rear Electronics Module (REM), Driver Door
Module (DDM), Instrument Cluster Module (ICM), • Key Fob Activity (Any Command)
Roof Opening Panel Module, Heated Seat Module, • Door Ajar (Any Door)
Driver Seat Module, Cell Phone Module and Vehicle
• Luggage Compartment Ajar Switch Emergency Message System Module all have
• Drivers Power Seat Switch power supplied at all times for this purpose. Many
of these modules monitor activity and communicate • Power Tilt/Telescopic Steering Column
with each other through the Standard Corporate • Headlamps/Park Lamps On
Protocol (SCP) Link.
• Key In Ignition
• Key On Ignition
• Anti-Theft Hood Switch
• Brake Pedal Position Switch
• Memory Seat Switch
NOTE:
The information in Technical Service Bulletins is intended for use by trained, professional technicians with the knowledge, tools, and equipment to do
the job properly and safely. It informs these technicians of conditions that may occur on some vehicles, or provides information that could assist in proper
vehicle service. The procedures should not be performed by “do-it-yourselfers”. Do not assume that a condition described affects your car or truck. Contact a
Ford, Lincoln, or Mercury dealership to determine whether the Bulletin applies to your vehicle. Warranty Policy and Extended Service Plan documentation
determine Warranty and/or Extended Service Plan coverage unless stated otherwise in the TSB article.The information in this Technical Service Bulletin
(TSB) was current at the time of printing. Ford Motor Company reserves the right to supercede this information with updates.The most recent information is
available through Ford Motor Company’s on-line technical resources.
PROOF 25-OCT-05
Copyright
ã 2005 Ford Motor Company 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 1
TSB 05-22-9 (Continued)
BATTERY DRAIN DIAGNOSIS
7. Drive the vehicle for at least 20 minutes over
30 mph (48 km/h) to reach full engine operating
In order to properly diagnose a battery drain temperature and to turn on and activate vehicle
concern, the following procedures must be followed systems. Make sure all electrical components
exactly as stated to produce the most accurate operate correctly like the horn, audio system,
results. exterior/interior lighting, climate control, etc.
1. Ask the customer how long the vehicle must sit 8. Open the Left Front and Right Front door and
before the battery goes dead. The vehicle is engage the latches so the vehicle interior can
equipped with a 750 amp hour battery from the be accessed without disturbing the modules
factory. If the battery is in proper working order, during this test.
it will be able to withstand a 1 amp draw for 48
hours without dropping the battery voltage 9. Lift the hood and compress the Anti-Theft Hood
below 10.5V. This information may help Switch with a clamp (if equipped).
determine the amount of current drain present.
10. Open the trunk lid and unplug the electrical For example, if a vehicle with a fully charged
connection to the Luggage Compartment Lamp. battery will not start after an overnight soak, it
Lift and secure the trunk floor panel hook to the can be assumed the battery current drain is
trunk opening pinch weld. The battery and the greater than 4 amps. This knowledge may aid
Rear Power Distribution Box are now easily in diagnosis.
accessible.
2. Check for any aftermarket equipment installed
NOTE
in the vehicle. Ask the customer if they
DO NOT ALLOW BATTERY POWER TO BE removed any aftermarket equipment before
DISCONNECTED FROM THE VEHICLE AT ANY bringing vehicle in for service. All aftermarket
TIME DURING THIS TEST. IF BATTERY equipment remaining should be removed before
DISCONNECT OCCURS, THE ENTIRE TEST proceeding with this test.
MUST BE PERFORMED AGAIN STARTING AT
3. Ask the customer if any electrical component(s) STEP 5.
is inoperative or malfunctioning. In many cases
11. Use a Multimeter (DVOM) with a MIN/MAX a draining battery concern can usually be
feature to measure the battery current drain. traced back to a component that has
The DVOM must be capable of reading DC experienced operational trouble.
milliamps (minimum 1mA) and have 10 amp -
4. Using an appropriate scan tool, check all fused capacity.
available modules in the vehicle for both
12. Use the following procedure to measure current on-demand and continuous memory diagnostic
drain. trouble codes (DTCs). Repair any on-demand
DTC’s before continuing with this article. a. Turn on the DVOM and select DC AMPS.
Record any continuous memory DTCs which
may aid in future diagnosis. b. Attach a large alligator clip on each side of
the Battery Saver/Anti-Theft Switch
5. Check that the vehicle battery is properly Terminals.
charged and that the charging system is
operating correctly. Refer to Workshop Manual c. Connect the DVOM in series by securing
Section 414-00. the leads to the alligator clips on the Battery
Saver/Anti-Theft terminals.
6. Install a quick disconnect style Battery
Saver/Vehicle Anti-Theft Switch between the d. Loosen the knob on the Battery
negative battery post and cable, such as Saver/Anti-Theft Switch to break the contact
Littlefuse Part Number ATD 100 BP or Moroso between the negative battery terminal and
Part Number 74103. cable.
NOTE
DO NOT USE A TEST LIGHT OR A VOLT METER
AS A CHECK FOR EVIDENCE OF CURRENT
FLOW. A TEST LIGHT WILL NOT ACCURATELY
DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF CURRENT FLOW.
PAGE 2 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
TSB 05-22-9 (Continued)
13. Wake the electrical system up by depressing a. Lincoln LS - Fuses 4.01 through 4.18
the lock or unlock button on the key fob.
b. Thunderbird - Fuses 4.17 through 4.41 Observe the reading on the DVOM. The current
flow will “jump” momentarily then after 1-2
NOTE
minutes settle to the level listed below (a). REMOVING AND REINSTALLING FUSES 2.20 (LS
Actual readings may vary slightly depending on AND THUNDERBIRD) AND 4.14 (LS ONLY),
vehicle equipment, battery condition, ambient DURING THE FOLLOWING TESTS WILL PROMPT
temperature and DVOM: THE SYSTEM TO “WAKE UP”. THE CURRENT
DRAIN ON THE METER WILL JUMP a. .85 amps (850mA) or less (Stand By Mode)
MOMENTARILY FOR 1-2 MINUTES THEN
b. .035 amps (35mA) or less after 45 minutes SLOWLY DECREASE TO PREVIOUSLY
minimum (Power Down Mode) MEASURED LEVELS.
14. During Stand By Mode, current drain readings
NOTE
of 850mA or less indicate the vehicle is DO NOT REMOVE THE LARGE AMPERAGE
performing normally. However, the concern may CARTRIDGE FUSES OR ANY RELAYS FROM
be intermittent in nature. Set the MIN/MAX THE RPDB. BY DOING SO POWER WILL BE
feature on the DVOM and periodically check LOST TO MULTIPLE FUSES, RELAYS AND
the meter for evidence of excessive current COMPONENTS ALL AT THE SAME TIME. THIS
drain. The MIN/MAX feature will record the TEST IS ATTEMPTING TO LOCATE THE
highest measured current reading. BATTERY CURRENT DRAIN AS CLOSE TO THE
COMPONENT LEVEL AS POSSIBLE.
15. An electrical system that is operating normally
will power down to 35mA or less after 45
NOTE
minutes minimum. However, it may not be DO NOT REMOVE FUSES 4.23, 4.24, 4.27, 4.32
necessary to wait for Power Down Mode to (LS) - 4.10, 4.15, 4.27, 4.28 (THUNDERBIRD) OR
begin diagnosing the source of excessive SSP RELAYS 1, 2, 3, 4 DURING STAND BY
battery current drain. For example: A current MODE. REMOVING THESE FUSES AND RELAYS
drain reading of 2.5 amps is observed during WILL LESSEN BATTERY CURRENT DRAIN
Stand By Mode. Knowing a normal system will BECAUSE YOU HAVE REMOVED POWER TO
measure 850mA current drain, we can estimate THE REM AND FEM DURING STAND BY MODE.
the suspect component is consuming 1.65 DO NOT FALSELY DIAGNOSE A REM OR FEM
amps from the system. PROBLEM AS A RESULT OF THIS ACTIVITY.
16. With the Wiring Diagrams Manual and Owner 18. If the current drain is not discovered in the
Guide easily accessible, begin to track the 1.65 RPDB move to the Central Junction Box (CJB),
amps excess drain by removing fuses one at a located behind the Right Interior Kick Panel.
time until the battery current drain drops to an Remove the mini-fuses one at a time, 2.01
acceptable level. Once the problem fuse is through 2.35, while checking the meter for
found, use the EVTM to guide you through the current drain drop. If current drain does not
schematic identifying all potential components drop down to 850mA, leave the fuse out and
or circuits. The complexity of the vehicle makes move on to the next. If the current drain does
it impossible to diagnose the source of current drop, proceed to Step 20.
drain without the appropriate model year Wiring
19. If the current drain cannot be located in the Diagrams Manual.
RPDB or CJB, continue to the Auxiliary
17. Start diagnosis in the Rear Power Distribution Junction Box (AJB) located in the engine
Box (RPDB) located in the trunk. Remove the compartment. All fuses in the AJB are hot at all
smaller amperage mini-fuses, listed below by times. Start by removing the mini-fuses 1.01
vehicle, one at a time while checking the meter through 1.12. If current drain does not drop
for current drain drop. If current drain does not down to 850mA, leave the fuses out and move
drop down to 850mA, leave the fuse out and on to cartridge fuses 1.13 through 1.24. If
move on to the next. Continue to remove current drain does not drop to 850mA, remove
mini-fuses until all are removed from the RPDB. the relays from the AJB and check for current
If the current drain does drop to an acceptable drain drop. If the current drain does drop,
level, proceed to Step 20. If the current drain is proceed to Step 20.
unaffected, proceed to Step 18.
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 3
TSB 05-22-9 (Continued)
20. If the excess current drain is discovered when
USING THE NGS CLASSIC TO CHECK FOR
removing any of these fuses or relays, use the
UNWANTED ACTIVITY
Wiring Diagrams Manual, Section 13, to
This section advises how to use the NGS Classic determine the component and/or mini-fuses that
tester to check the SCP Link for this type of are wired downstream in the circuit. Remove
unwanted activity. The NGS Classic Service Card is those mini-fuses or disable those components
equipped with a SCP Link Monitor Tool which to help determine the root cause of the current
allows the technician the ability to monitor the drain. Use these findings to repair the vehicle
communication, or traffic, between all modules as needed and repeat the process starting at
equipped in the vehicle that use the SCP Link. Step 7 to verify the repair.
Many of the vehicle functions are accomplished as
NOTE
a result of the communication between modules.
IF IT’S DETERMINED THAT A MODULE IS THE
NOTE
SOURCE OF THE CURRENT DRAIN, SELF TEST
THE NGS Classic WILL CONSUME 507mA AT THE MODULE WITH A SCAN TOOL FOR CODES.
12.6V. IF MEASURING CURRENT DRAIN WITH ALSO CHECK THE MODULES AVAILABLE PIDS
THE NGS Classic INSTALLED, 507mA MUST BE INDEX FOR POSSIBLE ERRANT INPUTS THAT
SUBTRACTED FROM THE CURRENT DRAIN MAY BE CAUSING THE MODULE TO OPERATE
DISPLAYED ON THE DVOM TO DETERMINE THE ABNORMALLY.
ACTUAL AMOUNT.
By following this procedure, we have eliminated
1. Using NGS Classic Service Function Card
all potential sources of current drain while not
version 10.1 or higher, select SCP LINK
disturbing SSP relays 1 through 4 or power to
MONITOR TOOL from the main menu.
the REM and FEM. Continue to Step 21.
2. With the ignition key in the OFF position, 21. Cycle the key fob unlock button several times
connect the NGS Classic to the 16-pin Data to make certain the vehicle is “awake”. Leave
Link Connector. the vehicle unattended and observe the battery
drain after 45 minutes minimum. The vehicle 3. Select the SCP LINK MONITOR TOOL from
should have entered Power Down Mode by this the main menu and press the START key.
time which drops the current drain to 35mA or
less. 4. At this point, a normally operating vehicle
should have no messages present in the SCP
22. If the current drain is greater than 35mA, reach Link. If no messages are present, leave the
inside vehicle and turn on the Left Front Map NGS Classic connected to the vehicle and
Lamp (LS - button on the dome lamp assembly, periodically check for SCP activity. If the
Thunderbird - button on the rear view mirror). concern is intermittent, it may take some time
Does the lamp illuminate? before the suspect component behaves in an
• Yes - The FEM and REM are awake and the undesirable fashion. If a message is eventually
SSP relays are active. Continue to next observed, continue with Step 5 in this section.
section of this TSB Because of the excessive drain caused by the
NGS Classic, it may be necessary to connect a • No - The FEM and REM have Powered
battery charger to prevent a dead battery. Down. Return to Step 4 and repeat diagnosis
5. If messages are present, press the STOP key. 23. If the current drain is 35mA or less the vehicle
Scroll through the messages on the screen is operating normally at this time. However, the
using the scroll dial. The following information concern may be intermittent in nature. Continue
will be displayed in order on the NGS Classic. with the next section of this article.
Match this information with the data on the
Errant activity or a false “wake up” message
Message List found at the end of this article.
present in the SCP Link will not allow the
system to power down, or may wake up a
system that has been Powered Down. This
condition may be intermittent in nature.
PAGE 4 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
TSB 05-22-9 (Continued)
NOTE
For example, by turning on the headlamp switch the
ICM receives the command (input) from the switch WHEN USING THIS TOOL FOR 2003 - 2006
to activate all exterior lamps. The ICM does not VEHICLES, SOME OF THE MODULE CODES MAY
directly control the exterior lamps, but instead will NOT SHOW ON THE CHART. ENOUGH
send a message out over the SCP link telling the INFORMATION FROM THE SOURCE SHOULD BE
FEM and REM that the customer has requested all AVAILABLE FOR MODULE IDENTIFICATION AND
exterior lamps be turned on. The FEM will receive CIRCUIT AFFECTED. EXAMPLE: FCU = FRONT
this message and provide a ground activating all CONTROL UNIT (RADIO).
the lamps it has within its control in the front of the • FNCT (FUNCTION): Displays the two (2) digit ID
vehicle. Simultaneously, the REM will receive the that represents a category of function to be
same message over the SCP link requesting that all carried out by the module(s) receiving the
lamps in the rear of the vehicle associated with message. Match this ID with the Function column
headlamp operation be activated. on the message list
• SRC (SOURCE): Displays the module acronym NOTE
responsible for sending the SCP message. Match DO NOT PREMATURELY DETERMINE THAT THE
the module source displayed on the NGS Classic SOURCE MODULE IDENTIFIED IS THE CAUSE
to that on the source column of the message list OF THE BATTERY DRAIN CONDITION. IN MOST
CASES, THE MESSAGE CAN BE TRACED TO A •
DATA 01 - 06: Displays more specific information
FAULTY COMPONENT SENDING A FALSE INPUT related to the function. Match these characters
ON THE SCP LINK. THIS CONDITION MAY NOT with the data on columns 1-7 of the message list,
ALLOW A MODULE TO POWER DOWN. IF THE along with the source observed, to define the
ERRANT MESSAGE OCCURS AFTER POWER message being viewed on the NGS Classic
DOWN, IT MAY WAKE UP A SYSTEM THAT HAS • FLTR (FILTER): Displays the current status of the
POWERED DOWN. FILTER function. You may manipulate the NGS
Classic to capture messages that are sent from a 6. The following function keys are active when
particular or chosen module (Source) or Function. monitoring the SCP Link:
• RESET: Clears the screen while the monitor Compare the messages received on the NGS
is running Classic to the message list tables at the end of this
article. These will help determine the function, • FLTR: Turns the filter feature ON or OFF as
source and name of the message read from the indicated by the FLRT display in the upper
SCP Link. The message list tables provide all right screen
possible SCP Link messages listed in order by • SETUP: When SETUP is pressed, the filter
Source. Most messages are the result of an input to setup screen will appear. This will allow the
one module being transmitted to another module operator to specify the capture of only certain
that carries out a vehicle function. messages may messages by either its source (particular
contain information that commands a module to module) or function
perform a function, while other messages may
• START:The START key will start the NGS provide information related to vehicle status that will
Classic in monitor mode, and display all allow or not allow a function to be performed.
traffic on the link. The START key will now Depending on the command, a module may be able
be displayed as STOP. Pressing the STOP to accommodate the command entirely on its own
key will stop the monitor from reading any or it may require another module to operate in a
further traffic on the SCP link certain fashion to achieve the desired initial
command. This is all communicated through the NOTE
SCP Link. PRESSING THE START KEY AGAIN WILL CLEAR
THE SCREEN OF ALL CAPTURED MESSAGES.
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 5
TSB 05-22-9 (Continued)
NOTE
1. Enter the SETUP menu and press the FNCT
key. THE NGS Classic WILL CONTINUOUSLY
CAPTURE MESSAGES BUT WILL ONLY DISPLAY
2. Use the scroll to select the desired function UP TO 100 MESSAGES AT ONE TIME. ONCE 100
from the message list and press Trigger. MESSAGES ARE STORED, THE FIRST
MESSAGE WILL BE DELETED FROM THE LIST. 3. Press the Cancel button to return to the monitor
THE MONITOR OPERATES ON THE “FIRST IN, screen.
FIRST OUT” PRINCIPAL.
4. Press the FLTR button to toggle the FLTR
NOTE
display in the upper right screen to on.
THE PCM AND ABS SHOULD NOT DISPLAY ANY
5. The NGS Classic will now display only FORM OF MESSAGE ACTIVITY WITH THE KEY
messages relating the Function you specified in IN THE OFF POSITION. IF ANY PCM OR ABS
the SETUP menu. MESSAGES ARE DETECTED AT THIS TIME,
CHECK FOR VOLTAGE ON CIRCUITS WHICH NOTE
SHOULD ONLY HAVE POWER WHEN THE KEY
GEM AND FEM ARE INTERCHANGEABLE IN THE IS ON OR IN THE CRANK POSITION.
FOLLOWING FIGURES.
USING THE NGS CLASSIC TO CAPTURE
WARRANTY STATUS:
Information Only MESSAGES FROM A PARTICULAR MODULE
OASIS CODES: 203000, 203100, 601300, 603300
If needed, the NGS Classic may be manipulated to
capture messages that are sent from a particular
module (source) or function. To setup the FLTR
feature to capture only messages sent by a module
use the following procedure:
1. Enter the SETUP menu and press the SRC
key.
2. Use the scroll to select the desired module and
press Trigger.
3. Press the Cancel button to return to the monitor
screen.
4. Press the FLTR button to toggle the FLTR
display in the upper right screen to on.
5. The NGS Classic will now display only
messages sent by the module that you
specified in the SETUP menu.
USING THE NGS CLASSIC TO CAPTURE
MESSAGES RELATED TO CERTAIN FUNCTIONS
Figure 1 - Article 05-22-9 To setup the FLTR feature to capture only
messages related to certain functions use the
following procedure:
PAGE 6 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
Figure 2 - Article 05-22-9
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 7
Figure 3 - Article 05-22-9
PAGE 8 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
Figure 4 - Article 05-22-9
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 9
Figure 5 - Article 05-22-9
PAGE 10 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
Figure 6 - Article 05-22-9
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 11
Figure 7 - Article 05-22-9
PAGE 12 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PROOF 25-OCT-05
Figure 8 - Article 05-22-9
PROOF 25-OCT-05 037-2005-1477 037-2005-1477 PAGE 13
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